Cotyledon barbeyi forms upright and branched shrubs that reach a height of 0.5 to 2.0 meters. The ascending shoots reach a diameter of up to 25 millimeters at the base and have a yellow-brown, peeling bark. The very variable foliage leaves are lanceolate to linear, flat to runny on the upper side, the surface is bald to hairy and occasionally covered with glandular hair. At the base they are wedge-shaped, at the top there are attached tips and they are 4 to 28 centimeters long and 1 to 4.5 centimeters wide. The petiole is missing or is only very short and descending on the stem.
The 20 to 60 centimeter high inflorescence< span> consists of 3 to 5 dichasias&n bsp;. 1 to 2 pairs of bracts are formed per inflorescence stalk , which are 22 millimeters long and 5 millimeters wide. The green sepals are 6 × 4 millimeters and the tubular and orange to red corolla are 20 to 25 millimeters in size. The basal inflated tube has swellings about 5 mm long between the sepals and is 14 to 18 millimeters long. The bent-back corolla lobes are 15 millimeters long. The stamens&nbs p;become 27 to 36 millimeters long and protrude 5 to 14 millimeters. The spherical anthers are colored yellow. The carpel becomes 28 millimeters long. The spread out nectar flakes are elongated, yellow-green in color and are 4 to 5 × 1.5 millimeters in size.
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